A toolkit for circuit-level molecular anatomy.

AAV and rabies-virus tracing in Cre-driver mouse lines to map afferent and efferent connectivity of molecularly defined STN and dopamine subpopulations.

Cell-type-specific activation and silencing using optogenetics and chemogenetic DREADDs (Gs, Gq, Gi, KORD), enabling precise, reversible control of genetically defined neurons.

Multiplexed FISH with post-FISH immunofluorescence (ORAMACELL protocols) to co-detect mRNA and protein in fresh-frozen sections, enabling identification of rare neuronal subtypes.

Quantitative motor, motivational and aversive learning assays in mice, including operant behaviour paradigms and the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease with a refined survival protocol.

Image acquisition and quantitative cell counting of FISH-labelled cells across rostro-caudal extents of the STN, midbrain and forebrain.

Cross-species spatial transcriptomics and snRNA-seq to compare subthalamic and para-subthalamic populations between mouse, non-human primate and human tissue.

Amperometric biosensors to measure acute neurotransmitter and metabolite release in vivo: dopamine, glutamate, acetylcholine, GABA, lactate and pyruvate.

Custom algorithms for automated cell quantification of microglia and TH cells, plus 4D movement analysis for rats and mice.